Once there Was a Village :: essays research papers

The book, Once There Was a Village, written by Yuri Kapralov, is an autobiographical tale of his experiences living in the ethnically diverse East Village of New York City. The story takes place during the late 1960s and early 1970s and most of the events occur around Thompson Square Park-- the center of Alphabet City. Yuri Kapralov came to America after World War II, displaced from the Caucuses. He made the East Village home. In the book, he was adamant about what is the â€Å"East Village†. His description was west of Avenue A. He describes the ethnic composition as ever changing, but for the later part of the sixties, was mostly divided into Puerto Ricans, Russians, Polish, Blacks, and Bohemians; the bohemians were further divided into black-and-white couples, students, left-over beatniks and hippies. Kapralov describes how the area around Thompson Square Park and much of New York, during the late sixties and early seventies, became a dangerous place to call home. Crime was a daily occurrence brought on by the drug infestation and poverty typical of the location and era. People of the East Village were poor and disheartened by what they considered the New York Police Department’s lack of protection. In the late 1960s,although the East Village was overrun with crime, police officers were rarely seen east of First Avenue. Letters were written to the mayor and to newspapers requesting patrol officers in the area. The letters were either ignored or the authors were told the manpower was not available. Due to this situation, the Police become an object of hate. They never seemed to be there for protection against the ever recurrent muggings, robberies, and general violence against East Village citizens. The crime was so frequent that the residents began defending themselves with anything available and even resorted to buying illegal weapons. Many residents were caught with these illegally purchased weapons and arrested, further straining relations with law enforcement The summer of 1966 saw the climax of the antagonistic relationship with law enforcement and residents. There were street riots on Avenues C and B. Cars were burned, stores were robbed and people were killed. That evening, the area turned into a War Zone during the evening east of Avenue B. The community had many different views of the events. The Russian immigrants, who were deemed by the writer to be "more racist", saw the events as evident of the Black and Puerto Rican people acting "out of control" and the neighborhood "going to hell".

Implementing Biometrics

Biometrics is a way of identifying individuals based on biological and behavioral traits. Although biometric systems have been tested for a few decades, only until recent has the technology entered public awareness due to its increased usage amongst government programs and corporations. Biometrics are primarily implemented for identity access management for information system purposes, and access control such as unlocking a vehicle or entering a secured location in a building. Examples of characteristics measured by biometric systems include: face, fingerprints, hand geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice. When implementing a typical biometric system, one thing to note are five components which include a sensor, signal processing algorithms, data storage, matching algorithms, and decision processing. Biometric standards are being developed on national and international levels. The purpose of creating these standards is to create a simpler environment for deployment of biometric systems across organizations. Standards will also help reduce the cost and enable interoperability. Standards are being developed for technical interfaces, data interexchange formats, testing and reporting, and societal issues. Some of the organizations developing biometric standards include InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) M1, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Organization for Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Like anything, there are advantages and disadvantages to biometrics. Some of the challenges organizations face when implementing a biometrics system is due to the lack of understanding of the technology and the environment in which the system will be implemented. The overall goal of the system is to uniquely identify based of physical or behavioral traits. However, because the system relies on what should be a constant, there should be a contingency measure because there are many scenarios in which a person can no longer be identified by the system. Other challenges could include the systems error rate and user acceptance. If the challenges can be overcome, biometrics can bring great benefits such as ordering items online, purchasing gas, groceries, and much more, all by use of a finger print.

Which Paths Produce the Most ATP per Glucose Molecule

Its important to know how many ATP, or adenosine triphosphate, are produced per glucose molecule by various metabolic pathways, such as the Krebs cycle, fermentation, glycolysis, electron transport, and chemiosmosis. Take a look at how many net ATP are produced per pathway  and which yields the most ATP per glucose. Here is the breakdown of net ATP production: Glycolysis: 2 ATPKrebs Cycle: 2 ATPOxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain/Chemiosmosis): 28 ATPFermentation: 2 ATP So, oxidative phosphorylation is the metabolic cycle that produces the most net ATP per glucose molecule.